{"id":853,"date":"2026-06-02T11:58:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T09:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zsconseils.com\/?p=853"},"modified":"2026-06-02T12:06:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T10:06:55","slug":"info-n158-culture-regionale-gouvernance-negociations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zsconseils.com\/?p=853","title":{"rendered":"Info n\u00b0158 \u00a0Culture r\u00e9gionale, gouvernance, n\u00e9gociations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nous sommes de retour pour cette s\u00e9rie de newsletters consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la culture r\u00e9gionale et \u00e0 la gouvernance. Notre objectif est de tenter de r\u00e9pondre aux questions fondamentales pos\u00e9es en conclusion de notre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente newsletter (n\u00b0 157 : Culture r\u00e9gionale, gouvernance, alt\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/em>). Avant d\u2019explorer les dimensions sociales, professionnelles ou de loisirs, nous tentons aujourd’hui de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 notre toute premi\u00e8re interrogation : comment d\u00e9passer les clivages laiss\u00e9s par l’histoire en nous appuyant sur la force de nos espaces communs, et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 travers les \u00e9changes commerciaux et les dynamiques \u00e9conomiques de proximit\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous revenons au film \u00ab Racines \u00bb (1977). Nous avons choisi cette \u0153uvre cin\u00e9matographique majeure parce qu’elle montre avec une force inou\u00efe que certains \u00eatres poss\u00e8dent en eux les germes int\u00e9rieurs pour vaincre le mal absolu qui leur a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait. Face \u00e0 la barbarie de l’esclavage et aux tentatives d’effacement de l’identit\u00e9, le germe de la r\u00e9sistance a \u00e9t\u00e9 l’oralit\u00e9. En Afrique, l’oralit\u00e9 n’est pas une simple absence d’\u00e9crit ; elle est une institution, une technologie de la m\u00e9moire et le socle du contrat social. En Afrique de l’Ouest, sa force est sans \u00e9gale : elle est le vecteur par lequel l’histoire, les alliances de sang et les r\u00e8gles du vivre-ensemble se transmettent de bouche \u00e0 oreille, de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, avec une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 que les registres \u00e9crits n’ont jamais pu corrompre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour analyser cette gouvernance par le verbe, notre \u00e9tude se focalise sur les pays de la c\u00f4te ouest-africaine, ceux qui partagent une fa\u00e7ade avec l’oc\u00e9an Atlantique et une histoire commune de contacts et d’\u00e9changes : le Nigeria, le Ghana, la C\u00f4te d’Ivoire, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, le B\u00e9nin et le Togo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cet ensemble g\u00e9ographique et culturel, l’oralit\u00e9 se d\u00e9ploie \u00e0 deux niveaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’unit\u00e9 par la langue fran\u00e7aise : Au-del\u00e0 de la diversit\u00e9 des langues locales, la langue fran\u00e7aise joue un r\u00f4le de trait d’union institutionnel et politique, permettant \u00e0 ces espaces de communiquer, de l\u00e9gif\u00e9rer et de s’ins\u00e9rer dans la gouvernance moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 linguistique du Togo : Le Togo se distingue comme un cas d’\u00e9cole de synth\u00e8se et de verticalit\u00e9 culturelle. Sa gouvernance quotidienne repose sur un trilinguisme vivant et fluide entre l’Ewe (dominant au Sud), le Kaby\u00e8 (dominant au Nord) et le Fran\u00e7ais (langue administrative et d’ouverture). Ce carrefour linguistique permet aux populations de naviguer constamment entre tradition endog\u00e8ne et modernit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette fluidit\u00e9 se traduit  dans les chiffres et les dynamiques de mobilit\u00e9 de la sous-r\u00e9gion. Sur les grands march\u00e9s comme celui de Lom\u00e9, de Dantokpa \u00e0 Cotonou ou de Kejetia au Ghana, la circulation des marchandises s’op\u00e8re en dehors des trac\u00e9s g\u00e9om\u00e9triques des fronti\u00e8res, et la parole donn\u00e9e y est la r\u00e8gle. On en d\u00e9duit une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique vertigineuse : sans aucun contrat \u00e9crit, par la seule force de la confiance orale et des r\u00e9seaux de proximit\u00e9, ce secteur informel g\u00e9n\u00e8re entre 50% et 60% du PIB r\u00e9gional  grimpant jusqu’\u00e0 65% au B\u00e9nin et au Togo  et concentre plus de 85% de l’emploi total (donn\u00e9es issues des rapports du Fonds Mon\u00e9taire International<\/em>, 2021-2024, et de l’Organisation Internationale du Travail<\/em>, 2023-2025). \u00c0 l’\u00e9chelle de ce corridor atlantique, ce commerce transfrontalier bas\u00e9 sur l’oralit\u00e9 glane et fait circuler plus de 5 milliards de dollars par an, soit plus de 3 000 milliards de francs CFA (Rapport de suivi de la CEDEAO et du CILSS<\/em>, 2022-2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est ainsi que la culture r\u00e9gionale r\u00e9gule, s\u00e9curise et gouverne l’\u00e9conomie r\u00e9elle bien plus efficacement que les codes juridiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette \u00e9tude de l’oralit\u00e9 comme matrice de la confiance me renvoie directement \u00e0 des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s professionnelles et institutionnelles beaucoup plus proches de nous. Dans la tradition ouest-africaine, la parole engage l’\u00eatre tout entier ; elle est sacr\u00e9e parce qu’elle suppose la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9. Malheureusement, dans nos organisations modernes, on observe un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne inverse qui d\u00e9truit la gouvernance : ceux qui aiment effacer les traces de leurs mails sont souvent ceux qui ne sont pas sinc\u00e8res \u00e0 l’oral. Ce refus de laisser une trace \u00e9crite n’est pas un amour de l’oralit\u00e9 noble, c’est une strat\u00e9gie de dissimulation. \u00c0 l’oral, l’interlocuteur insinc\u00e8re peut promettre, menacer ou se d\u00e9dire, car la parole s’envole. En effa\u00e7ant les \u00e9crits, il s’assure de ne jamais \u00eatre mis face \u00e0 ses propres responsabilit\u00e9s ni face \u00e0 la d\u00e9nonciation de ses contradictions. Face \u00e0 ces pratiques qui rel\u00e8vent de la maltraitance institutionnelle ou de la manipulation, la rigueur de l’\u00e9crit doit redevenir un outil de protection, tout comme le r\u00e9cit du griot est venu, deux si\u00e8cles plus tard, r\u00e9tablir la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 face aux falsifications de l’histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019une de nos amies, attaqu\u00e9e par un individu au sein d’un organisme en Europe occidentale, a vu son histoire enti\u00e8rement falsifi\u00e9e par une \u00ab\u00a0oralit\u00e9 de meute\u00a0\u00bb tout autour d\u2019elle, appuy\u00e9e par de fausses preuves cr\u00e9\u00e9es de toutes pi\u00e8ces par l\u2019intelligence artificielle. Face \u00e0 ce complot du flou et de la simulation, elle a d\u00fb mener un combat acharn\u00e9 pour exhumer les \u00e9crits et les traces num\u00e9riques de ses agresseurs afin de restituer la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 brute des faits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet exemple nous montre que si l’oralit\u00e9 est la matrice de la confiance lorsqu’elle est port\u00e9e par l’\u00e9thique (comme chez les commer\u00e7ants du corridor ouest-africain), l’\u00e9crit rigoureux reste le rempart ultime contre la barbarie institutionnelle et la manipulation technologique lorsqu’il n’y a plus de sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous poursuivons cette exploration dans l\u2019info bulle n\u00b0 159 : culture r\u00e9gionale, gouvernance, socialisations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nous sommes de retour pour cette s\u00e9rie de newsletters consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la culture r\u00e9gionale et \u00e0 la gouvernance. Notre objectif est de tenter de r\u00e9pondre aux questions fondamentales pos\u00e9es en conclusion de notre pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente newsletter (n\u00b0 157 : Culture r\u00e9gionale, gouvernance, alt\u00e9rit\u00e9). Avant d\u2019explorer les dimensions sociales, professionnelles ou de loisirs, nous tentons aujourd’hui de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter-zs-conseils"],"yoast_head":"\nInfo n\u00b0158 \u00a0Culture r\u00e9gionale, gouvernance, n\u00e9gociations - zsconseils.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zsconseils.com\/?p=853\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Info n\u00b0158 \u00a0Culture r\u00e9gionale, gouvernance, n\u00e9gociations - zsconseils.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nous sommes de retour pour cette s\u00e9rie de newsletters consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la culture r\u00e9gionale et \u00e0 la gouvernance. 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